They'd get us out of this

This one is well known but so frequently used it needs to be #1.

This misunderstood creature is often mis-characterized (but not as often as "irony"), and that's kind of the point. The idea is to describe your opponents argument for him in weak or absurd terms, and provide your reader with your argument as the only alternative.  Three flaws among many in this line: distorting the argument of the opposition, omitting arguments of the opposition, and presenting a dichotomy where in reality more than two choices are actually possible. This bad argument sucks in the lazy listener because the speaker sounds like he is deliberate and is meeting the opposition head on.

This type of bad argument is easily diagnosed by recognizing when the speaker is speaking for a third party. Usually, identification is sufficient treatment, but you can also categorize the specific type of flaw if that information is readily available.